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Avoidable Harm
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5. oppressive, controlling or defensive organisational

cultures and systems

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  • Assumptions about risk and capacity.

  • Risk aversity.

  • Negative operation of power. 

  • Discriminatory and stigmatising cultures.

  • ‘Impersonal’ and ‘uncaring’ systems and processes. 

  • Systemic undermining of personhood. 

  • Damaging ‘us and them’ cultures.

  • Promoting ‘tick-box’ approaches.

  • Closed, exclusionary decision making.

  • Poor or damaging complaints processes and outcomes.

  • Coercion and service user fear of hospitalisation. 

  • Service control over access to advocates.

  • Service users not being believed or being ‘silenced’. 

  • Lack of accountability and responsibility when mistakes are made (‘staff closing ranks’). 

  • Service users being ‘set up to fail’. 

  • Organisational resistance to change and service user involvement.

  • Negative effects of organisational cultures and systems on frontline practice. 

  • Organisational breaches of law, regulations or service user rights.

Systemic    |    Relational

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"They close the ranks and, and refuse to accept responsibility for their actions, their words, their narratives, their behaviours, it really does feel like us and them and, and there's such an imbalance of power within the relationship."

"They've got a box, and they want you to fit into it. If you don't fit into it, you don't get nothing."

"It's all about us and them all the time. And it's not right."

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A model of service user experiences of avoidable harm in mental health social care, the impacts of harm caused and service user recommendations for ways to minimise harms.

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Principal Investigator: Dr Sarah Carr

Co-Investigator: Dr Angela Sweeney

Co-Investigator: Tina Coldham

Research Assistant: Georgie Hudson

Design & illustrations: Traumascapes

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This resource is based on independent research funded by

the National Institute for Health Research School for Social Care Research (NIHR SSCR). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR SSCR,the National Institute for Health Research or the Department

of Health and Social Care.

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